• marked, unpleasant sensation of heart beating (palpitations)
• pulse, bounding
• irregular, rapid, racing, pounding or fluttering pulse
• fainting
• weakness, particularly with activity
• shortness of breath with activity or when lying down
• fatigue, excessive tiredness
• chest pain, angina type (rare)
  • under the sternum, may radiate
  • crushing, squeezing, pressure, tightness
  • pain increases with exercise, relieves with rest

Auscultation (listening to the chest with a stethoscope) detects a heart murmur. Palpation (examination by hand) may show hyperdynamic (very forceful) beating of the heart. Pulse pressure (the difference between systolic blood pressure -- the pressure during contraction of the heart -- and diastolic blood pressure -- the pressure during relaxation of the heart) may be widened, and diastolic blood pressure may be low. There may be signs of pulmonary edema (fluid in the lungs).

Aortic insufficiency may be seen on:

• echocardiogram- ultrasound axamination of the heart
• transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE)
• Doppler ultrasound
• aortic angiography
• left heart catheterization

An ECG test or chest X-ray may show left ventriclar enlargement.

Lab tests cannot diagnose aortic insufficiency, but they may be used to rule out other disorders or causative factors.