A neurological examination shows sensory abnormalities and weakness. Sensation deficits usually occur in a symmetrical pattern, and progress from the extremities to central locations. Reflexes are usually absent. Muscle weakness or paralysis of the affected area may be present, and muscle atrophy (loss of muscle mass) may be apparent. Nerves may be physically palpable.
A spinal tap may show elevated CSF total protein or other abnormalities that indicate an inflammatory neurologic process. EMG and nerve conduction tests may indicate loss of the myelin sheath (slow conduction rate) or degeneration of the axon of the nerve cell (normal conduction rate).
The selection of other tests is guided by the suspected cause of the disorder, as suggested by the history, symptoms and pattern of symptom development. The tests may include various X-rays, scans, and blood tests.
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