The AAP recommends that infants be fed formula or breast milk for a minimum of 12 months.

Cow's milk alone is not an appropriate diet for infants because the baby's kidneys may not work as efficiently as an adult's. Cow's milk also has too much protein (and in particular, too much casein, a type of protein). The minerals are not easily absorbed, and there is an increased risk for sensitization to milk proteins. Low-fat and skim milk are also inappropriate for use in the first year of life. They do not provide enough calories for growth nor enough of some nutrients needed for normal development.

Formulas based on cow's milk are appropriate for full-term and pre-term infants having no special nutritional requirements.

SPECIAL FORMULAS
Special formulas should be used under a physician's supervision.

• Infants with lactose intolerance or a milk-protein allergy cannot drink standard cow's milk-based formula. Soy-based formulas do not contain milk protein; they use soy protein instead.
• Formulas for premature, low birth weight infants are designed to encourage rapid growth.
• There are other specialized formulas, such as those for infants with heart disease, malabsorption syndromes, inability to digest fat, and other conditions.

MIXING FORMULA
Improper mixing of formula is common and may harm the infant. Follow the instructions on the formula container carefully.