Abnormal results indicate infection, and the most common infections are caused by one of these sources, or a combination:

• A vaginal yeast infection (caused by Candida albicans) -- resulting in a white, cheesy discharge; severe itching; painful intercourse; and a rash or vaginal inflammation.
• Trichomoniasis, an infection caused by a protozoan parasite -- produces a yellowish, frothy, foul-smelling discharge. Sores can develop on the cervix. There may be pain on urination or intercourse.
• A bacterial infection (gardnerella vaginalis or hemophilus vaginalis) -- producing bacterial vaginosis. The symptoms are a heavy, white, fishy-smelling discharge. There may be a rash or painful intercourse, or odor after intercourse.

Different treatments are necessary for each type of infection.

Additional conditions under which the test may be performed:

• Atrophic vaginitis (associated with lack of estrogen)