Nutrition and Related Topics
Soy
Soy
Soy
Kidney diet - dialysis patients
This article describes the diet necessary in patients with end-stage kidney disease on either hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. The diet is usually high in protein and low-sodium, low-potassium, and low-phosphorus. Fluid intake is also restricted.
This article describes the diet necessary in patients with end-stage kidney disease on either hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. The diet is usually high in protein and low-sodium, low-potassium, and low-phosphorus. Fluid intake is also restricted.
Lactose tolerance test
This is a test that measures the ability of your intestines to digest lactose. It is used to diagnose a deficiency of intestinal lactase (the used to digest lactose).
This is a test that measures the ability of your intestines to digest lactose. It is used to diagnose a deficiency of intestinal lactase (the used to digest lactose).
Binge eating
Binge eating is an eating disorder characterized by eating more than needed to satisfy . It is a feature of , a disorder that also includes abnormal perception of body image, constant craving for food and binge eating, followed by self-induced vomiting or laxative use.
Binge eating is an eating disorder characterized by eating more than needed to satisfy . It is a feature of , a disorder that also includes abnormal perception of body image, constant craving for food and binge eating, followed by self-induced vomiting or laxative use.
Appetite - increased
Hunger is a normal desire for food. Hyperphagia and polyphagia refer to being focused only on eating (gluttony), or eating excessively before feeling full. These can be symptoms of various disorders.
Hunger is a normal desire for food. Hyperphagia and polyphagia refer to being focused only on eating (gluttony), or eating excessively before feeling full. These can be symptoms of various disorders.
Appetite - decreased
This symptom describes a decreased or lack of appetite despite basic caloric needs.
This symptom describes a decreased or lack of appetite despite basic caloric needs.
Weight loss - unintentional
Weight loss - unintentional
Weight loss - unintentional
Obesity
Obesity
Obesity
Cholesterol
Cholesterol is a soft, waxy substance present in all parts of the body including the nervous system, skin, , liver, intestines, and heart. It is both made by the body and obtained from animal products in the diet.
Cholesterol is a soft, waxy substance present in all parts of the body including the nervous system, skin, , liver, intestines, and heart. It is both made by the body and obtained from animal products in the diet.
Water in diet
Water is a combination of hydrogen and oxygen; it is the basis for the fluids of the body.
Water is a combination of hydrogen and oxygen; it is the basis for the fluids of the body.
Fiber
Dietary fiber is found in plant foods. Fiber cannot be digested by humans. It has no calories because the body cannot absorb it.
Dietary fiber is found in plant foods. Fiber cannot be digested by humans. It has no calories because the body cannot absorb it.
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are one of the main dietary components. This category of foods includes sugars, starches, and
Carbohydrates are one of the main dietary components. This category of foods includes sugars, starches, and
Fat
Fats are organic compounds that are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; they are the most concentrated source of energy in foods. Fats belong to a group of substances called lipids. Fats come in liquid or solid form. All fats are combinations of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Fats can be called very saturated or very unsaturated depending on their proportions.
Fats are organic compounds that are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; they are the most concentrated source of energy in foods. Fats belong to a group of substances called lipids. Fats come in liquid or solid form. All fats are combinations of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Fats can be called very saturated or very unsaturated depending on their proportions.
Protein in diet
Proteins are complex organic compounds. The basic structure of protein is a chain of .
Proteins are complex organic compounds. The basic structure of protein is a chain of .
Diarrhea in children - diet
Diarrhea in children - diet
Diarrhea in children - diet
Vegetarianism
Vegetarianism
Vegetarianism
School lunch programs
The nutritional goal of the school lunch program is to provide children a meal that contains approximately one third of the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA). The lunches provide one third of the RDA when averaged over time -- not at each meal.
The nutritional goal of the school lunch program is to provide children a meal that contains approximately one third of the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA). The lunches provide one third of the RDA when averaged over time -- not at each meal.
Fast foods
Fast foods are quick, reasonably priced, and readily available alternatives to home cooking. While convenient and economical for a busy lifestyle, fast foods are typically high in calories, , , sugar, and salt.The fast food chains and restaurants have responded to the increasing awareness of the public about nutrition and attempted to help people concerned about health. For example, they now make ingredient and nutrition information available on their menus. Despite these changes, however, in order to maintain a healthy diet, it is necessary to choose fast foods carefully.
Fast foods are quick, reasonably priced, and readily available alternatives to home cooking. While convenient and economical for a busy lifestyle, fast foods are typically high in calories, , , sugar, and salt.The fast food chains and restaurants have responded to the increasing awareness of the public about nutrition and attempted to help people concerned about health. For example, they now make ingredient and nutrition information available on their menus. Despite these changes, however, in order to maintain a healthy diet, it is necessary to choose fast foods carefully.
Cooking utensils and nutrition
Cooking utensils and their affect on nutrition.
Cooking utensils and their affect on nutrition.
Diet - constipation
Dietary factors that cause, worsen, or relieve .
Dietary factors that cause, worsen, or relieve .
Food labeling
Information found on the labels of most packaged foods.
Information found on the labels of most packaged foods.
Nutrition and athletic performance
The relationship between food consumption and athletic performance.
The relationship between food consumption and athletic performance.
Diet - calories
A person's caloric need is determined using a variety of mathematical equations. Age, height, current weight, desired weight, and height are taken into account.
A person's caloric need is determined using a variety of mathematical equations. Age, height, current weight, desired weight, and height are taken into account.
Normal growth and development
Normal growth and development
Normal growth and development
Age-appropriate diet for children
An age-appropriate diet is one that provides adequate nutrition and is appropriate for a child's state of development.
An age-appropriate diet is one that provides adequate nutrition and is appropriate for a child's state of development.
Breast-feeding mothers - self-care
Breast-feeding mothers - self-care
Breast-feeding mothers - self-care
Breastfeeding tips
Breastfeeding tips
Breastfeeding tips
Overcoming breastfeeding problems
Common problems may occur during breastfeeding. Fortunately, most problems can be easily managed with a variety of strategies. Lactation consultants are an excellent resource for additional help. Even most premature babies can be breastfed.
Common problems may occur during breastfeeding. Fortunately, most problems can be easily managed with a variety of strategies. Lactation consultants are an excellent resource for additional help. Even most premature babies can be breastfed.
Breast milk
Breast milk
Breast milk
Breastfeeding
Breastfeeding
Breastfeeding
Balanced diet
A balanced diet refers to intake of appropriate types and adequate amounts of foods and drinks to supply nutrition and energy for the maintenance of body cells, tissues, and organs, and to support normal growth and development.
A balanced diet refers to intake of appropriate types and adequate amounts of foods and drinks to supply nutrition and energy for the maintenance of body cells, tissues, and organs, and to support normal growth and development.
Cow's milk for infants and children
In 1992, the American Academy of Pediatricians released their statement regarding the use of whole cow's milk during infancy. The findings were published in "Pediatrics" volume 89, number 6 in June of 1992. Plainly stated, the Academy recommended that whole cow's milk and low-iron formulas not be used during the first year of life.Infants fed whole cow's milk receive inadequate amounts of , iron, essential fatty acids, and excessive amounts of , sodium, and potassium. These levels may be too high for the infant's system to handle. Additionally, whole cow's milk protein and are more difficult for an infant to digest and absorb.The most dramatic effects are on iron levels in the body. Infants fed or iron fortified formula have normal iron levels. Recent studies show infants often have depleted levels when started on cow's milk at six months of age.Optimal nutrition in an infant involves selecting the appropriate milk source and eventually introducing the infant to solid foods. In achieving this goal, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that infants be fed breast milk or iron-fortified formula during the first twelve months of life. Between the ages of four to six months, appropriate solid foods may be added. Taking breast milk or iron-fortified formula, along with the age-appropriate solid foods and juices during the first year of life, allows for more balanced nutrition.
In 1992, the American Academy of Pediatricians released their statement regarding the use of whole cow's milk during infancy. The findings were published in "Pediatrics" volume 89, number 6 in June of 1992. Plainly stated, the Academy recommended that whole cow's milk and low-iron formulas not be used during the first year of life.Infants fed whole cow's milk receive inadequate amounts of , iron, essential fatty acids, and excessive amounts of , sodium, and potassium. These levels may be too high for the infant's system to handle. Additionally, whole cow's milk protein and are more difficult for an infant to digest and absorb.The most dramatic effects are on iron levels in the body. Infants fed or iron fortified formula have normal iron levels. Recent studies show infants often have depleted levels when started on cow's milk at six months of age.Optimal nutrition in an infant involves selecting the appropriate milk source and eventually introducing the infant to solid foods. In achieving this goal, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that infants be fed breast milk or iron-fortified formula during the first twelve months of life. Between the ages of four to six months, appropriate solid foods may be added. Taking breast milk or iron-fortified formula, along with the age-appropriate solid foods and juices during the first year of life, allows for more balanced nutrition.
Infant formulas
Infant formulas are food products designed to provide for the nutritional needs of infants. They include powders, concentrates, or ready-to-use forms. See also , .
Infant formulas are food products designed to provide for the nutritional needs of infants. They include powders, concentrates, or ready-to-use forms. See also , .
Alcohol and diet
Alcohol comes from fermenting and . When consumed, alcohol depresses your nervous system and acts as a mild anesthetic and tranquilizer. It is toxic in large quantities.
Alcohol comes from fermenting and . When consumed, alcohol depresses your nervous system and acts as a mild anesthetic and tranquilizer. It is toxic in large quantities.
Caffeine in the diet
Caffeine is a substance that exists naturally in certain plants. It can also be produced synthetically and used as an additive in food products. It is a stimulant and a diuretic.
Caffeine is a substance that exists naturally in certain plants. It can also be produced synthetically and used as an additive in food products. It is a stimulant and a diuretic.
Sweeteners
There are two types of sweeteners: caloric (nutritive) and noncaloric (non nutritive). The caloric sweeteners provide 4 Calories per gram; and the noncaloric varieties provide zero.
There are two types of sweeteners: caloric (nutritive) and noncaloric (non nutritive). The caloric sweeteners provide 4 Calories per gram; and the noncaloric varieties provide zero.
Celiac disease - nutritional considerations
Celiac disease - nutritional considerations
Celiac disease - nutritional considerations
Diet for people with chronic kidney disease
A low-protein diet is used in people with abnormal kidney function to prevent worsening of their . The diet is often low in sodium and potassium as well. For some people on this diet, fluid restriction is also necessary. And if you have diabetes along with kidney disease, a low-carbohydrate diet may be necessary.
A low-protein diet is used in people with abnormal kidney function to prevent worsening of their . The diet is often low in sodium and potassium as well. For some people on this diet, fluid restriction is also necessary. And if you have diabetes along with kidney disease, a low-carbohydrate diet may be necessary.
Diet - liver disease
A diet plan for people with .
A diet plan for people with .
Diabetes diet
Diabetes diet
Diabetes diet
Diet - cancer treatment
Nutritional planning and management for people with .
Nutritional planning and management for people with .
Inborn errors of metabolism
Inborn errors of metabolism are rare genetic disorders in which the body cannot turn food into energy (metabolize food) normally. The disorders are usually caused by defects in the enzymes involved in the biochemical pathways that break down food components.
Inborn errors of metabolism are rare genetic disorders in which the body cannot turn food into energy (metabolize food) normally. The disorders are usually caused by defects in the enzymes involved in the biochemical pathways that break down food components.
Cystic fibrosis - nutritional considerations
(CF) is one of the most life-threatening diseases in children. It affects many body systems by producing abnormally thick secretions that can obstruct the pancreas, intestines, ducts, and air passages in the lungs.
(CF) is one of the most life-threatening diseases in children. It affects many body systems by producing abnormally thick secretions that can obstruct the pancreas, intestines, ducts, and air passages in the lungs.
Food additives
Food additives are substances that become part of a food product when added (intentionally or unintentionally) during the processing or production of that food.
Food additives are substances that become part of a food product when added (intentionally or unintentionally) during the processing or production of that food.
Food - hygiene and sanitation
Food safety refers to the conditions and practices that preserve the quality of food to prevent contamination and food-borne illnesses.
Food safety refers to the conditions and practices that preserve the quality of food to prevent contamination and food-borne illnesses.
Travelers diarrhea diet
Traveler's diarrhea describes that frequently attacks those visiting third-world or developing countries. Traveler's diarrhea diet refers to the appropriate food and fluids to consume if you develop traveler's diarrhea.
Traveler's diarrhea describes that frequently attacks those visiting third-world or developing countries. Traveler's diarrhea diet refers to the appropriate food and fluids to consume if you develop traveler's diarrhea.
Genetically engineered foods
Genetically engineered foods
Genetically engineered foods
Irradiated foods
Irradiated foods
Irradiated foods
Pesticides
Pesticides are substances which protect plants against molds, fungi, and insects; therefore, decreasing the percent of crop loss for harvest and potential illness. This helps control shortages, higher prices, income loss, and prevents unappealing blemishes. Most pesticides are produced by plants naturally to ward off their predators. The amount of man-made pesticides applied and their residue allowed to remain on products at market are regulated and inspected by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Overall, most experts agree the U.S. has a safe food supply. Allowed pesticides are very low on the list of risks hazardous to health. Large scale studies suggest that pesticide residues are unlikely to be an important risk factor for to the general public. Major risk factors include; smoking, , asbestos, several occupational chemicals, hormonal, and dietary imbalances.
Pesticides are substances which protect plants against molds, fungi, and insects; therefore, decreasing the percent of crop loss for harvest and potential illness. This helps control shortages, higher prices, income loss, and prevents unappealing blemishes. Most pesticides are produced by plants naturally to ward off their predators. The amount of man-made pesticides applied and their residue allowed to remain on products at market are regulated and inspected by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Overall, most experts agree the U.S. has a safe food supply. Allowed pesticides are very low on the list of risks hazardous to health. Large scale studies suggest that pesticide residues are unlikely to be an important risk factor for to the general public. Major risk factors include; smoking, , asbestos, several occupational chemicals, hormonal, and dietary imbalances.
Aflatoxin
Aflatoxins are produced by a mold that grows in nuts, seeds, and legumes.
Aflatoxins are produced by a mold that grows in nuts, seeds, and legumes.
Lead - nutritional considerations
Nutritional considerations to reduce the risk of .
Nutritional considerations to reduce the risk of .
Traveling with children
Traveling with children presents special challenges. It disrupts familiar routines and imposes new demands. Planning ahead -- and involving children in the planning -- can lessen the stress of travel.
Traveling with children presents special challenges. It disrupts familiar routines and imposes new demands. Planning ahead -- and involving children in the planning -- can lessen the stress of travel.
Hyperactivity and sugar
Hyperactivity and sugar
Hyperactivity and sugar
Food jags
Some common childhood eating behaviors which can cause alarm in many parents include food jags, fear of new foods, and refusal to eat what's served. A food jag is when a child will only eat one food item meal after meal.
Some common childhood eating behaviors which can cause alarm in many parents include food jags, fear of new foods, and refusal to eat what's served. A food jag is when a child will only eat one food item meal after meal.
Phosphorus in diet
Phosphorus is a mineral that makes up 1% of the total body weight. It is present in every cell of the body, but 85% of the body's phosphorus is found in the bones and teeth.
Phosphorus is a mineral that makes up 1% of the total body weight. It is present in every cell of the body, but 85% of the body's phosphorus is found in the bones and teeth.
Magnesium in diet
Magnesium is an essential mineral for human nutrition.
Magnesium is an essential mineral for human nutrition.
Iron in diet
Iron in diet
Iron in diet
Iodine in diet
Iodine is a trace mineral and an essential nutrient.
Iodine is a trace mineral and an essential nutrient.
Fluoride in diet
Fluoride occurs naturally in the body as calcium fluoride, found primarily in the bones and teeth.
Fluoride occurs naturally in the body as calcium fluoride, found primarily in the bones and teeth.
Copper in diet
Copper is an essential trace mineral present in all body tissues.
Copper is an essential trace mineral present in all body tissues.
Chromium in diet
Chromium is an essential mineral that is not made by the body and must be obtained from the diet.
Chromium is an essential mineral that is not made by the body and must be obtained from the diet.
Chloride in diet
Chloride is a salt consisting of two elements, one of which is chlorine. Chloride makes up about 0.15% of the body weight and is found in the extracellular fluid, along with sodium.
Chloride is a salt consisting of two elements, one of which is chlorine. Chloride makes up about 0.15% of the body weight and is found in the extracellular fluid, along with sodium.
Zinc in diet
Zinc is an important trace mineral. This element is second only to in its concentration in the body.
Zinc is an important trace mineral. This element is second only to in its concentration in the body.
Sodium in diet
Sodium is an element that the body needs to function properly.
Sodium is an element that the body needs to function properly.
Selenium in diet
Selenium is an essential trace element. It is an integral part of enzymes, which are critical for control of the numerous chemical reactions involved in brain and body functions.
Selenium is an essential trace element. It is an integral part of enzymes, which are critical for control of the numerous chemical reactions involved in brain and body functions.
Potassium in diet
Potassium is a mineral that is involved in both electrical and cellular functions in the body. (In the body it is classified as an ).
Potassium is a mineral that is involved in both electrical and cellular functions in the body. (In the body it is classified as an ).
Calcium in diet
Calcium is the most plentiful mineral found in the human body, accounting for 1.5% to 2% of an adult's total body weight. The teeth and the bones contain the majority of the body's calcium (about 99%). Calcium in these tissues is concentrated in the form of salts. Nerve cells, body tissues, blood, and other body fluids contain the remaining calcium.
Calcium is the most plentiful mineral found in the human body, accounting for 1.5% to 2% of an adult's total body weight. The teeth and the bones contain the majority of the body's calcium (about 99%). Calcium in these tissues is concentrated in the form of salts. Nerve cells, body tissues, blood, and other body fluids contain the remaining calcium.
Riboflavin
Riboflavin is a water-soluble vitamin in the B-complex group.
Riboflavin is a water-soluble vitamin in the B-complex group.
Pantothenic acid and biotin
Pantothenic acid and biotin are water-soluble vitamins, which means that they cannot be stored by the body and must be replenished every day. They are used for the breakdown and utilization by the body of food and are part of the B vitamin complex.
Pantothenic acid and biotin are water-soluble vitamins, which means that they cannot be stored by the body and must be replenished every day. They are used for the breakdown and utilization by the body of food and are part of the B vitamin complex.
Niacin
Niacin is a water-soluble vitamin necessary for many aspects of health, growth, and reproduction. It is part of the vitamin B complex.
Niacin is a water-soluble vitamin necessary for many aspects of health, growth, and reproduction. It is part of the vitamin B complex.
Folic acid (folate)
Folic acid is a water-soluble vitamin in the B-complex group.
Folic acid is a water-soluble vitamin in the B-complex group.
Vitamin K
Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays an important role in blood clotting.
Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays an important role in blood clotting.
Vitamin E
Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin that acts as an antioxidant.
Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin that acts as an antioxidant.
Vitamin D
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that is used by the body in the absorption of calcium.
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that is used by the body in the absorption of calcium.
Vitamin C
Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin that is necessary for normal growth and development.
Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin that is necessary for normal growth and development.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble vitamin that is part of the vitamin B complex.
Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble vitamin that is part of the vitamin B complex.
Vitamin B6
Vitamin B6 is a water-soluble vitamin and is part of the vitamin B complex.
Vitamin B6 is a water-soluble vitamin and is part of the vitamin B complex.
Thiamine
Thiamine
Thiamine
Vitamin A
Vitamin A
Vitamin A
Vitamins
Vitamins
Vitamins
Tryptophan
Tryptophan
Tryptophan
Eating disorders - resources
Eating disorders - resources
Eating disorders - resources
Diet and substance abuse recovery
Diet and substance abuse recovery
Diet and substance abuse recovery
Salads and nutrients
Salads and nutrients
Salads and nutrients
Safety and vitamins
Safety and vitamins
Safety and vitamins
Diet and disease
This article provides descriptions of nutritional and dietary elements that have proven relationships to certain diseases or conditions. For additional information on FDA-approved health claims, refer to .
This article provides descriptions of nutritional and dietary elements that have proven relationships to certain diseases or conditions. For additional information on FDA-approved health claims, refer to .
Foods - fresh vs. frozen or canned
Foods - fresh vs. frozen or canned
Foods - fresh vs. frozen or canned
Weight problems and children
Weight problems and children
Weight problems and children
Fat free diet and children
Fat free diet and children
Fat free diet and children
Weight management
Weight management means keeping your body weight at a healthy level.
Weight management means keeping your body weight at a healthy level.
Stress management
Stress management
Stress management
Losing weight
To successfully lose weight, you must carry out a plan to balance your caloric intake with exercise. Ideally, dieting should be done by eating a nutritionally balanced, low-calorie diet and increasing physical activity.
To successfully lose weight, you must carry out a plan to balance your caloric intake with exercise. Ideally, dieting should be done by eating a nutritionally balanced, low-calorie diet and increasing physical activity.
Height and weight chart
Height and weight chart
Height and weight chart
Feeding disorder of infancy and early childhood
A feeding disorder of infancy or early childhood is the failure of a young child to obtain adequate nutrition, which is reflected by or a failure to gain weight appropriately for development.
A feeding disorder of infancy or early childhood is the failure of a young child to obtain adequate nutrition, which is reflected by or a failure to gain weight appropriately for development.
Pica
Pica is a pattern of eating non-nutritive substances (such as dirt or paper), lasting for at least one month.
Pica is a pattern of eating non-nutritive substances (such as dirt or paper), lasting for at least one month.
Malnutrition
Malnutrition means a person's body is not getting enough nutrients. The condition may result from an inadequate or unbalanced diet, digestive difficulties, absorption problems, or other medical conditions.
Malnutrition means a person's body is not getting enough nutrients. The condition may result from an inadequate or unbalanced diet, digestive difficulties, absorption problems, or other medical conditions.
Bulimia
Bulimia
Bulimia
Lactose intolerance
Lactose intolerance is the inability to digest lactose, a type of sugar found in milk and other dairy products. It is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme lactase.
Lactose intolerance is the inability to digest lactose, a type of sugar found in milk and other dairy products. It is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme lactase.