Menstruation: Absent Periods (Amenorrhea)

Description

Alternative Names

Treatment

Reducing stress may help resolve the disorder in some women. A number of stress management tools and support services are available. [For more information, seeWell-Connected Report Stress.]

Weight Control

Being either over or underweight is a contributor to menstrual disorders and women should make every effort to maintain a normal weight.

Exercise

Exercise is very important in maintaining good health. Although unusually vigorous exercise can cause menstrual irregularity and even amenorrhea, few women exercise to the extent that their periods are affected. For those who do, a recent study found that simply adding calories can restore regular menstruation in such women. Competitive athletes do not have to stop exercising to restore fertility. They simply need to eat more.

Acupuncture

In one study, electrical acupuncture helped restore regular ovulation to more than a third of women with polycystic ovary syndrome. In general, this approach was beneficial only for women with less severe male characteristics and hormonal problems.

Herbal Remedies

Some women may resort to herbal or so-called natural remedies. Although many are now being produced by recognized manufacturers, none require US government regulations and no one should take any remedies for medical conditions without consulting a physician.

Agnus Castus Fruit Extract (Chaste Tree Berry). Several studies are reporting that agnus castus fruit, also known as chaste tree berry (Vitex), may help alleviate PMS, particularly breast pain and tenderness, but also other symptoms. Some evidence suggests that the compounds in this substance reduce prolactin levels. Prolactin is the important hormone in breast milk production. Therefore, it may specifically help some women with irregular periods due to high levels of this hormone (a condition called hyperprolactinemia). If prolactin-suppression effects prove to be significant, however, the agent may also have important adverse effects as well, although to date women have reported only mild side effects. Until more is known, at this time it should not be used by women who wish to conceive or who are sexually active and not using a reliable form of birth control.

Black Cohosh. Black cohosh (e.g., Remidfemin, Estroven), also known as Cimicifuga racemosa or squaw root, has been used for amenorrhea and symptoms of menopause. It has been used for decades in Germany and appears to be safe, but because its actions resemble estrogen, well-conducted clinical studies are needed to confirm both long-term safety and effectiveness. One study, for example, reported an association between black cohosh and cell proliferation in the uterus, which theoretically could increase cancer risk. Headaches and gastrointestinal problems are common side effects. At this time experts do not recommend taking it for more than six months.

Procedures for Secondary Amenorrhea Due to Obstructed Outflow

In some cases, surgery can correct structural problems that are preventing menstrual flow.